Mandatory detention in Australia breeds abusive culture
Australia's mandatory refugee detention policies are
harming asylum seekers and breeding a national culture of ignorance and
human rights abuses, writes Joshua Dale.
The Australian Government remains committed to deterring “people smugglers” and “turning back the boats” by offering a destination, which will mandatorily detain indefinitely, any person in sub standard and arbitrary conditions.
Our Government speaks of people smugglers and off-shore policies —
but, what of the people who find their way to Australian shores? The
individuals who find their way into one of Australia’s detention
facilities? What happens to them? What is our policy on treatment and
human rights generally?
Put in perspective, our Government's own figures
say that approximately two thirds of asylum seekers held in detention
are held for 6 months or more, and approximately a third are held for 12
months or more in detention facilities before they are either released
on some form of visa, into community detention or deported.
In comparison, according to the Australian Bureau of Statistics, prisoners charged with murder in Australia are held for an average of 8.6 months in remand and those charged with sexual assault and illicit drug offences are held for an average of 4.5 months.
Whilst statistics invariably change from year to year, based on data from the last 5 years, approximately 70% to 90%
of asylum seekers are found to be genuine refugees. To make matters
worse, these are not criminals — these are people who have fled conflict
zones, who are victims, or witnesses of torture and trauma or related
threats.
According to various studies, asylum seekers placed in detention are exposed to an increased risk of post traumatic stress disorder
(PTSD), depression and mental health related disabilities, with longer
detention resulting in more severe mental diagnoses persisting for three
years or more after being released from detention.
These are people who might otherwise provide a positive and
significant contribution to Australian society but, overwhelmingly,
following release from detention are often unable
to pursue meaningful employment due to primary injury or exacerbation
of psychological or physical injury that detention attracts.
Alarmingly, according to the governments findings
between 2009 and 2011, there were 17,671 reported medical and mental
health incidents including 6 deaths, 97 psychiatric hospital admissions,
1,554 acts of voluntary starvation, 127 injuries requiring
hospitalisation, 353 self harm attempts and 338 self harm resulting in
injury in Australian detention centers.
Part 06 of 18 Refugees and Mental Illness Understanding Mental Illness DVD
These figures do not include the more recent occurrences on Manus Island.
There is overwhelming evidence that our Government and our continued
support for the policies of mandatory detention may be breeding a
culture abusive of human rights.
In saying this, Australia’s mandatory detention
system has not yet been consigned to the history books. However, if it
were, how would we, as a country and its people, be remembered by the
international community for the treatment of our fellow human beings?
It is a question that, to date, in my view, remains unanswered.
Granted, there are a plethora of brilliant, tireless and brave
Australians employed or volunteering in various capacities who remain
committed to preserving human rights in Australia.
What is our government doing to preserve human rights? And what are we showing to the world, our values as a nation?
At present, we maintain policies that are so far removed from world
standards – and elect politicians, supposedly representing the view of
Australian people – who appear to be completely ignorant of our human
rights obligations from an international law perspective.
Even though the Government has announced changes to how it manages
asylum seekers, it still remains committed to a mandatory and arbitrary
detention system.
Australia, by any account, has one of the toughest stances on
deterring people smugglers and preventing individuals from traveling to
Australia. Sadly, this comes at the expense of asylum seekers and our
standard of Human Rights generally.
To seek refugee protection is not a political issue that is unique by
virtue of our geography or political agenda. In fact, the movement of
people due to political unrest or war, or even socio-economic reasons,
is an occurrence that is prominent throughout the world.
Despite this, Australia is one of the few nations that impose
mandatory and indefinite detention on asylum seekers. It is also one of
the few nations in the developed world not to have a bill of rights or
to enact a national legislative framework allowing for the protection of
human rights that provides a direct avenue of redress if a person’s
human rights are abused, ignored or breached.
Fairfax journalist Michael Bachelard on asylum seeker claims Australian Navy burnt hands
The policy of mandatory detention alone comes dangerously close to impinging on a number of universal human rights, including the right to liberty and security of person.
Australia is not immune to human rights abuses. Cases brought before the Australian Human Rights Commission
(AHRC) illustrate the severe psychological and physical effects of
detention on asylum seekers. These cases should be an indication that
what the Australian government is implementing through its policies is
not only unlawful, according to the international law it attests to
uphold, but also inhumane by international standards.
At its most basic level, these policies fail not only individuals who
deserve our protection, but they fail the image of how Australia is
portrayed to the world.
The question now is whether or not we continue to condone – by
inaction – this injustice, or whether or not we, as fellow human beings
and Australians, encourage and advocate for a universal policy framework
dedicated to human rights.
This framework should be committed to a far-reaching scope of human
rights and civil liberties that guarantees people at risk are afforded
our protection, not only because they are within our borders, but
because it is our moral and legal obligation to do so.
Throughout history, human rights atrocities and abuses have been
allowed to occur when the world, its governments and its people turn its
back on those that most require our attention.
As the Australian Parliament debates the issues, somewhat carelessly,
perhaps our MPs – as well as we Australians who elect and support them –
should remember the reflections of former American vice-president Hubert Humphrey who, during the American civil rights movement, proclaimed to the world:
'The moral test of government is how it treats those who are in
the dawn of life, the children; those who are in the twilight of life,
the aged; and those in the shadows of life, the sick, the needy and the
handicapped.'
Let us not fall on the wrong side of history.
Child refugees describe Australia's detention center as "hell"
Assess asylum seekers’ claim to refugee status, but assess their
applications after accepting them into our society in community
detention as fellow human beings.
Give them employment rights, in locations where employment is needed, be it in our rural or urban communities.
Give them rights equal to the standard afforded to all Australians.
Detain them, but only where there exists a reasonably founded or
well-documented risk against national security and only for a defined
period of time.
Let us not continue to breed a culture of ignorance and human rights
abuse. Let us pursue an Australia that is inclusive and let us set the
standard for human rights rather then falling below the standard set by
others.
Joshua Dale is an associate at Carroll & O’Dea Lawyers and chair of the Australian Lawyers Alliance Human Rights Committee. This week is Refugee Week — find out more here.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 Australia License
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